A consortium led by the Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology (IMMT) is set to pilot India's first green steelmaking initiative using 100% hydrogen-based direct iron reduction (DRI).
The project, supported in part by the Indian Steel Ministry, aims to significantly reduce carbon emissions by replacing coking coal with hydrogen.
The Steel Ministry recently floated tenders under the national green hydrogen mission and allocated ₹455 crore (approximately USD 55.5 million) to enable industry participation in this initiative. In addition, IIT-Roorkee has proposed retrofitting blast furnaces to use gas or bio-coke as an alternative.
Traditional steel production in India relies heavily on coking coal, which leads to significant CO₂ emissions. Although electric arc furnaces are less carbon-intensive, they still contribute to pollution. Globally, steel production is responsible for 7-9% of annual CO₂ emissions. The average CO₂ emission intensity of the steel industry has fallen from 3.1 T/tcs (CO₂ per 1 ton of crude steel) in 2005 to 2.64 T/tcs in 2020 and is targeted to be reduced to 2.4 T/tcs by 2030.
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