The UK government has announced that it has made significant revisions to the draft legislation for the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), which is scheduled to enter into force in 2027. The draft text, originally published in April 2025, has been updated based on feedback ahead of the regulations to be introduced under the Finance Act 2025–2026.
The government stated that indirect emissions under the UK-CBAM will not be included in the system on 1 January 2027, and that their inclusion has been postponed until 2029 at the earliest. This decision forms part of the ongoing support programmes for energy-intensive sectors.
The announcement also noted that, due to the strategic importance of refineries in energy security, a separate Call for Evidence will be issued for the fuel sector, and the potential inclusion of refined petroleum products in the CBAM will be evaluated in the future.
The updated legislation includes several additional changes, such as: calculating free allowances based on sectoral averages, exempting temporary imports from CBAM obligations, introducing an exception to prevent double taxation of domestically produced precursor materials used in complex goods, and allowing a three-year refund period for importers who have overpaid. The group treatment provision has been removed from the draft due to the limited benefits it provided.
The UK government will open technical consultations on secondary legislation drafts in early 2026 and will publish detailed guidance for businesses ahead of the CBAM’s entry into force in 2027.
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